Which scenario might create a conflict of interest for a business professional?

Investing in a company that competes with an employer creates a conflict of interest because it can compromise the professional's duty to act in the best interests of their employer. When a professional has a financial interest in a competing company, there may be divided loyalties. This could lead to situations where the individual might prioritize their personal financial gains over the interests of their employer, such as potentially sharing confidential information or engaging in decisions that could harm their employer’s competitive standing.

In contrast, reporting unethical behavior of a colleague serves the interests of the organization and upholds ethical standards, while making personal calls during work hours, although potentially unprofessional, does not directly involve conflicting interests with another entity. Volunteering for a non-profit organization typically reflects positively on the individual and is unlikely to create conflicting obligations with their employer. Therefore, the investment in a competing company significantly raises the potential for conflicts that could harm the business relationship and integrity expected in professional settings.