Which of the following obligations is NOT imposed on federal agencies during rule-making?

The obligation to hold a binding public vote on rules is not imposed on federal agencies during the rule-making process. Instead, the rule-making process typically involves agencies proposing rules, allowing for public comment, and then finalizing those rules after considering the feedback received.

Federal agencies are required to publish proposed rules in the Federal Register to inform the public, provide a period for public comment to allow stakeholders to voice their opinions and concerns, and ensure that final rules reflect public input by taking it into account before publication. However, there is no requirement for agencies to hold a binding public vote. The rule-making process is designed to gather feedback and make informed decisions based on that feedback, rather than requiring a formal voting process among the public. This distinction is crucial as it highlights the balance between transparency and agency decision-making authority.