Which of the following federal courts is specifically created by Article III of the U.S. Constitution?

Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government and specifically mentions the creation of the Supreme Court. The Constitution grants Congress the power to create inferior courts, but it does not detail their structure or establishment. Therefore, the only federal court explicitly created by Article III is the Supreme Court. Federal courts created later, such as Courts of Appeals and District Courts, derive their authority from statutes passed by Congress under this framework.

The significance of this distinction lies in the fact that the Supreme Court holds a unique position within the federal judiciary, with its powers and functions outlined directly in the Constitution. Understanding this helps clarify the relationship between courts and their authority under both constitutional and statutory law.