Which of the following does NOT need to be clearly stated in a valid offer?

In contract law, a valid offer must contain certain essential terms to create a binding agreement. Among these terms, the identification of the parties, the subject matter of the contract, and the purchase price are crucial as they provide clarity on who is involved in the contract, what is being exchanged, and the value assigned to it.

However, the precise quantity to be sold is not always necessary for an offer to be considered valid. In many commercial contexts, offers can be valid even if they do not specify an exact quantity, especially in industries where flexibility is common, such as ongoing supply agreements or where the quantity can be determined by the circumstances. This principle is particularly evident in the context of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), which governs transactions involving goods and allows for agreements lacking precise quantity terms as long as the parties have a mutual understanding regarding the transaction.

Therefore, an offer can be valid without specifying the exact quantity to be sold, making it acceptable for the offer to lack this detail while still effectively communicating the intention to enter into a contract.