Which of the following actions qualifies as illegal sexual harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

The action that qualifies as illegal sexual harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is when a supervisor conditions promotion on sexual favors. This situation falls under the category of "quid pro quo" harassment, which occurs when employment decisions, such as promotions, are contingent upon an employee providing sexual favors. This form of harassment blatantly exploits the power imbalance between a supervisor and their subordinate, creating a hostile and coercive work environment.

Title VII specifically addresses such conduct as it not only affects the individual directly involved but also perpetuates a toxic workplace culture. When promotions are based on sexual favors, it undermines the integrity of the workplace and violates the principle of equal employment opportunity, which Title VII seeks to protect.

The other scenarios, while certainly problematic, do not meet the criteria for illegal sexual harassment as defined by Title VII. For example, lewd comments and banter may create an uncomfortable work environment but do not involve a direct exchange of employment benefits in return for sexual acts. Similarly, cursing at subordinates, regardless of their gender, is inappropriate and could contribute to a hostile work environment but does not specifically pertain to sexual favors or discrimination based on sex. Therefore, option C is the only choice that clearly encaps