Which factor is NOT a requirement for a claim of negligence?

In a negligence claim, a key aspect is that the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant failed to act with the level of care that a reasonable person would exercise under similar circumstances, which constitutes a breach of a legal duty owed to the plaintiff. This aligns with the first requirement where the defendant must owe a legal duty to the plaintiff.

The third factor highlights that the defendant must not meet the established standard of care, leading to potential harm to the plaintiff. Additionally, for a negligence claim to be viable, the plaintiff must have suffered actual damages as a result of the defendant's negligence, fulfilling the last requirement.

Malicious behavior, on the other hand, is not a prerequisite for negligence. Negligence can occur without any intent to harm; it is primarily concerned with carelessness or failure to fulfill one's duty rather than engaging in malicious conduct. Thus, the presence of malicious behavior is irrelevant to establishing the basic elements of a negligence claim, making it the correct choice as the factor that is not required.