What is the process called when a trial judge decides a case without a jury due to clear facts?

The correct answer to the process when a trial judge decides a case without a jury due to clear facts is referred to as summary judgment. This legal determination occurs when the court finds that there are no genuine disputes of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Essentially, it allows the judge to resolve the case based on the evidence presented in motions and documents, rather than proceeding to a full trial with a jury.

In summary judgment, the judge reviews affidavits, depositions, and other evidence provided by both parties to assess whether there are sufficient factual disagreements that necessitate a trial or whether one party should prevail as a matter of law based on the undisputed facts. This process is designed to streamline the resolution of cases, preventing unnecessary trials when the facts are clear and do not warrant further litigation.

This understanding contrasts with other legal processes involving jury decisions, post-trial motions, or judgments on evidence introduced during a trial. Each of those processes serves different functions within the legal system, occurring at various stages and under specific circumstances.