What are the requirements for procedural due process under the U.S. Constitution?

The correct choice encompasses the foundational elements of procedural due process as established under the U.S. Constitution, particularly the Fourteenth Amendment, which protects individuals from arbitrary government actions.

The first requirement, pertaining to governmental action against an individual’s life, liberty, or property, is crucial since procedural due process is only triggered when the government seeks to deprive someone of these fundamental rights. This implies not only official actions but also decisions that could adversely affect an individual's significant interests.

The second requirement, which involves notice of the government’s action, is critical for ensuring that an individual is aware that the government is taking actions that affect them. This notice must be clear and provided in a reasonable manner to give individuals an opportunity to prepare for a response or defense.

The third requirement, the right to be heard by a tribunal, emphasizes the importance of a fair hearing or trial where individuals can present their case before an impartial decision-maker. This right upholds the principles of justice and fairness in legal processes.

The combination of these elements—governmental action affecting significant rights, proper notice, and the opportunity to be heard—constitutes the essential facets of procedural due process. Thus, choosing the first two items highlights the core components necessary for procedural due process protections.