What action cannot be taken by shareholders in a corporation?

Shareholders in a corporation have specific rights that are typically outlined in the corporation's bylaws and relevant laws. One significant function of shareholders is to vote on various important corporate actions, such as management compensation, dividend payments, and major corporate policies.

Changing the articles of incorporation, however, is a process that typically involves more than just a shareholder vote. While shareholders do have a say in certain amendments to the articles of incorporation, these often require a more formal process, including potential approvals from the board of directors and filing with the state. This technical aspect means that shareholders cannot unilaterally change the articles themselves; such changes are subject to a detailed incorporation process that usually involves other corporate entities and legal requirements.

In contrast, voting on management compensation, approving major corporate policies, and voting on dividend payments are all actions that shareholders can implement or influence directly through their voting rights. This delineation of powers is crucial in understanding the extent to which shareholders can impact corporate governance.